Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis.

Hesperetin has the retention of antioxidant potential in self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system^[1]. Hesperetin and NGR display broad-spectrum inhibition against human UGTs. Besides, Hesperetin exhibits strong inhibitory effects on UGT1A1, 1A3 and 1A9 (both IC₅₀ and K_i values lower than 10 µM) and moderately inhibits UGT1A4, UGT1A7, UGT1A8 (IC₅₀ values 29.68-63.87 µM)^[2]. Hesperetin interacts with different types of proteins involving hydrogen bonds, pi-pi effects, pi-cation bonding and pi-sigma interactions with varying binding energies. Hesperetin exhibits drug-like properties which projects its potential as a therapeutic option for CHIKV infection^[3]. Hesperetin dose-dependently reduces GCDCA-induced caspase-3 activity in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Hesperetin also dose-dependently reduces CM-induced Nos2 (iNOS) expression in hepatocytes. Interestingly, hesperetin-induced expression of the antioxidant gene haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) about fourfold compared with cytokine mixture alone^[5].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Preadministration of Hesperetin (40 mg/kg b.w., oral) significantly attenuates the Cd-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, restores the antioxidant and membrane-bound enzyme activities and decreases apoptosis in the brain of rats^[4]. Hesperetin (200 mg/kg) attenuates Con A-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic Nos2 (iNOS) expression in mice. Hesperetin co-treatment also decreases the occurrence of apoptotic bodies, hydropic degeneration, nuclear fragments, autolysis and haemorrhage. The number of leukocytes infiltrated in liver tissue of mice with D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatitis are significantly decreased by hesperetin in a murine model^[5].

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

302.28

C₁₆H₁₄O₆

520-33-2

橙皮素

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (330.82 mM; Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH₂O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液

• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

• [1]. Arya A, et al. Bioflavonoid hesperetin overcome bicalutamide induced toxicity by co-delivery in novel SNEDDS formulations: Optimization, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Feb 1;71:954-964

  [2]. Liu D, et al. Inhibitory Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin on Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes: Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(12):2052-2059.

  [3]. Oo A, et al. In silico study on anti-Chikungunya virus activity of hesperetin. PeerJ. 2016 Oct 26;4:e2602. eCollection 2016.

  [4]. Shagirtha K, et al. Neuroprotective efficacy of hesperetin against cadmium induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Nov 1. pii: 0748233716665301

  [5]. Bai X, et al. The protective effect of the natural compound hesperetin against fulminant hepatitis in vivo and in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;174(1):41-56

  [6]. Li Q, et al. Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells via p38 MAPK Activation. Nutr Cancer. 2019 Jul 11:1-8.

First, 0.5 mL tissue homogenate is diluted with 1 mL water. Then, to this mixture, 2.5 mL ethanol and 1.5 mL chloroform (all reagents chilled) are added and shaken for 1 min at 4°C, then centrifuged. The enzyme activity in the supernatant is determined. The assay mixture contained 1.2 mL sodium pyrophosphate buffer (0.025 M, pH 8.3), 0.1 mL 186 mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS), 0.3 mL 30 mM Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and 0.2 mL of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and appropriately diluted enzyme preparation and water in a total volume of 3 mL. Reaction is initiated by the addition of NADH. After incubation at 30°C for 90 min, the reaction is stopped by the addition of 1 mL glacial acetic acid. The reaction mixture is stirred vigorously and shaken with 4 mL n-butanol. The intensity of the chromogen in the butanol layer is measured at 560 nm against a butanol blank. A system without enzyme served as control. One unit of enzyme activity is defined as 50% inhibition of NBT reduction in 1 min under the assay conditions.

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

After 7 days of adjusting, the animals are randomly divided into 10 experimental groups. Control group (n=8): These animals are treated with the equivalent volume of PBS as used for the administration of Con A and D-GalN/LPS. Control hesperetin group (n=8): The mice are treated with hesperetin 400 mg/kg p.o. in 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) solution for 10 days. Con A group (n=15): The animals are treated with the same volume of CMC-Na as used for administration of hesperetin for 10 days and are challenged with Con A (i.v.15 mg/kg). Con A + hesperetin groups: The animals receive various doses of hesperetin (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) p.o. for 10 days before Con A injection (each group n=15). D-GalN/LPS group (n=15): The animals are given CMC-Na for 10 days and injected i.p. with D-GalN (700 mg/kg)/LPS (5 μg/kg). D-GalN/LPS + hesperetin groups: Three doses of hesperetin (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) are given to mice once daily for 10 days. D-GalN (700 mg/kg)/LPS (5 μg/kg) are injected i.p. (each group n=15).

Shanghai Jinpan Biotech Co Ltd has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Arya A, et al. Bioflavonoid hesperetin overcome bicalutamide induced toxicity by co-delivery in novel SNEDDS formulations: Optimization, in vivo evaluation and uptake mechanism. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017 Feb 1;71:954-964

  [2]. Liu D, et al. Inhibitory Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin on Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes: Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(12):2052-2059.

  [3]. Oo A, et al. In silico study on anti-Chikungunya virus activity of hesperetin. PeerJ. 2016 Oct 26;4:e2602. eCollection 2016.

  [4]. Shagirtha K, et al. Neuroprotective efficacy of hesperetin against cadmium induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Nov 1. pii: 0748233716665301

  [5]. Bai X, et al. The protective effect of the natural compound hesperetin against fulminant hepatitis in vivo and in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;174(1):41-56

  [6]. Li Q, et al. Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells via p38 MAPK Activation. Nutr Cancer. 2019 Jul 11:1-8.