Rhodamine 123 (RH-123; R-22420) is a fluorescent dye (λex=503 nm, λem=527 nm).
体外研究 (In Vitro)
The intensity of R123 fluorescence has a peak at concentration of 50 μM, and decreases to zero at higher concentrations due to self-quenching[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
380.82
Formula
C21H17ClN2O3
CAS 号
62669-70-9
中文名称
罗丹明123
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
4deg;C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
*In solvent : -80deg;C, 6 months; -20deg;C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
溶解性数据
In Vitro:;
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (262.59 mM; Need ultrasonic)
配制储备液
浓度溶剂体积质量
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
2.6259 mL
13.1296 mL
26.2591 mL
5 mM
0.5252 mL
2.6259 mL
5.2518 mL
10 mM
0.2626 mL
1.3130 mL
2.6259 mL
*
请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)。-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。
参考文献
[1]. M. Huang, et al. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285.
Kinase Assay [1]
Measurements are made at room temperature with continuous stirring of the mitochondrial suspension using spectrophotometer equipped with a magnetic stirrer with fluorescent cation R123 as probe. Excitation and emission wavelengths are 503 nm and 527 nm, respectively. The incubation medium is the respiration buffer. R123 and sodium pyruvate are added to final concentrations of 50 nM and 10 mM, respectively. Isolated mitochondria maintain a steady membrane potential (±5%) throughout the duration of the recording[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献
[1]. M. Huang, et al. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285.
Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner.
IC50 Target[1]
Caspase-8
;
Caspase-9
;
Apoptosis
;
Human Endogenous Metabolite
;
体外研究 (In Vitro)
Ginsenoside Rh2 induces the activation of two initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in human cancer cells. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cancer cell apoptosis in a multi-path manner and is therefore a promising candidate for anti-tumor drug development. Ginsenoside Rh2 triggers p53-dependent Fas expression and consequent activation of caspase-8 and p53-independent caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway to cause cancer cell death.The cytotoxic activity of Ginsenoside Rh2 in the human tumor cell lines HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 is assessed by MTT. The cell viability of HeLa cells is remarkably inhibited by Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 2.52 μg/mL, whereas SK-HEP-1 and SW480 cells are less sensitive to Ginsenoside Rh2, with IC50 values of 3.15 μg/mL and 4.06 μg/mL, respectively. PC-3 cells are the least vulnerable to Ginsenoside Rh2, with an IC50 value of 7.85 μg/mL, 3-fold higher than HeLa cells[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
体内研究 (In Vivo)
A total of 15 days following B16-F10 cell injection, tumor sizes from the 3 tumor bearing groups are measured. The tumor sizes in the G-L group and G-H group (G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection) are reduced compared with the tumor group (P<0.05). The survival analysis reveals that the Ginsenoside Rh2 treated groups survive longer than the untreated tumor group and the effect is dose-dependent (P<0.05)[2].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
622.87
Formula
C36H62O8
CAS 号
78214-33-2
中文名称
人参皂苷 Rh2；人参皂苷 Rh2
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
*以上所有助溶剂都可在 MCE 网站选购。
参考文献
[1]. Guo XX, et al. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.
[2]. Wang M, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the antitumor immunological response of a melanoma mice model. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):681-685.
Kinase Assay [1]
HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are treated with Ginsenoside Rh2 (7.5 μg/mL) in serum free media for indicated time periods and then are harvested. Fifty micrograms of cell lysates are incubated with 200 nM Ac-DEVD-AFC (for caspase-3), Ac-IETD-AFC (for caspase-8), and Ac-LEHD-AFC (for caspase-9) in a reaction buffer containing 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 0.1% CHAPS, and 10% sucrose at 37°C for 1 h. The reaction is monitored by fluorescence emission at 535 nm and excitation at 405 nm[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Assay [1]
Determination of cell viability is performed by using MTT assay, which is used to calculate the growth inhibition induced by increasing concentrations of drug. Briefly, exponentially growing HeLa, SK-HEP-1, SW480, and PC-3 cells are seeded into a 96-well plate at 1×104 cells/well in triplicate. After incubation for 24 h, cells are treated with increasing concentration of Ginsenoside Rh2 (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/mL) in serum free media for 48 h. At the end of treatment, 20 μL of MTT (5 mg/mL) is added to each well and incubated for an additional 4 h. The formazan grains formed by viable cells are solubilized with DMSO, and the color intensity is measured at 550 nm with an ELISA reader[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration [2]
Mice[2] Male C57BL6 mice (3-4 weeks old) are randomly arranged into 4 groups of 80 mice: Tumor group, G-L group, G-H group and Control group. G-L and G-H refer to a low or high dose of ginsenoside Rh2 injection. For the tumor group, G-L group and G-H group, the B16-F10 cell line is injected into the mice. These 3 groups become tumor bearing groups. For the control group, the same volume of PBS is injected instead. Ginsenoside Rh2 is injected into the left back of mice in the G-L and G-H groups. The dose for the G-H group is 0.5 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg for G-L group, every 2 days after day 5. PBS is injected in the tumor and control groups at the same time points.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献
[1]. Guo XX, et al. p53-dependent Fas expression is critical for Ginsenoside Rh2 triggered caspase-8 activation in HeLa cells. Protein Cell. 2014 Mar;5(3):224-34.
[2]. Wang M, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the antitumor immunological response of a melanoma mice model. Oncol Lett. 2017 Feb;13(2):681-685.
RH 414 is the styryl pyridinium dye. RH 414 can be used for optical monitoring of synaptic vesicle membrane trafficking[1].
分子量
581.47
Formula
C28H43Br2N3
CAS 号
161433-30-3
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
参考文献
[1]. Bewick GS, et al. Illumination partly reverses the postsynaptic blockade of the frog neuromuscular junction by the styryl pyridinium dye RH414. Proc Biol Sci. 1994;258(1352):201-207.
20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, acts as a cell antiproliferator. It has anticancer effects via blocking cell proliferation and causing G1 phase arrest. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity[1][2][3]. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits the replication and proliferation of mouse and human gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) with an IC50 of 2.77 μM for murine MHV-68[4].
IC50 Target
MMP[1]
分子量
622.87
Formula
C36H62O8
CAS 号
112246-15-8
中文名称
20(R)-人参皂苷Rh2
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Choi WY, et al. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory properties of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 in cultured macrophages and keratinocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;65(2):310-6.
[2]. Chung KS, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation in human leukemia cells by upregulating TGF-β expression. Carcinogenesis. 2013 Feb;34(2):331-40.
[3]. Choi S, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells is caused by p15 Ink4B and p27 Kip1-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Pharm Res. 2009 Oct;26(10):2280-8.
[4]. Kang S, et al. Antiviral activity of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 against murine gammaherpesvirus. J Ginseng Res. 2017 Oct;41(4):496-502.
(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 是Ginsenoside Rh1 的 R 型异构体，可从Panax Ginseng 中分离得到，可抑制凝血酶诱导的纤维蛋白原向纤维蛋白的转化。
(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 80952-71-2
规格
价格
是否有货
数量
5 mg
￥800
In-stock
10 mg
￥1400
In-stock
20 mg
￥2300
In-stock
50 mg
;
询价
;
100 mg
;
询价
;
* Please select Quantity before adding items.
(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 相关产品
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生物活性
(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1, the R isomer of Ginsenoside Rh1 isolated from Panax Ginseng, inhibits the thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin[1].
分子量
638.87
Formula
C36H62O9
CAS 号
80952-71-2
中文名称
人参皂苷R-RH1
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Fan X, et al. Pharmacokinetic Comparison of 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 in Rat Plasma following Oral Administration of Radix Ginseng Rubra and Sheng-Mai-San Extracts. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:6451963.
Ginsenoside Rh1 (Prosapogenin A2) inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
IC50 Target[1]
PPAR-γ
;
TNF-α
;
IL-6
;
IL-1β
;
Human Endogenous Metabolite
;
体外研究 (In Vitro)
The effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 is examined on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ginsenoside Rh1 potently inhibits the adipogenesis, as assessed by Oil-red O staining and lipid contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ginsenoside Rh1, at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM, inhibit the adipogenesis by 50% and 63%, respectively.The expression levels of adipocytespecific genes such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FAS, aFABP and some genes are examined during early phase of differentiation such as Pref-1, C/EBP-δ and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR). After the treatment with Ginsenoside Rh1 in 3T3-L1 cells, mRNA is extracted on 18 h and 24 h for Pref-1, C/EBP-δ and GR and day 8 for PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FAS, aFABP. Then, the expression profiles of adipocyte-specific genes are investigated by RT-PCR. PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FAS, and aFABP expressions are significantly increased in DMI-stimulated differentiated adipocyte compared to those of non-stimulated adipocyte cells. However, treatment with DMI in the presence of Ginsenoside Rh1 significantly suppresses the expression levels of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FAS, and aFABP in a dose- dependent manner, whereas the expression levels of Pref-1, C/EBP-δ and GR are not affected[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
体内研究 (In Vivo)
When high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice for 8 weeks, body and epididymal fat weight gains are significantly increased compared to those of low-fat diet (LFD)-fed mice. However, when Ginsenoside Rh1 is treated in HFD-fed mice, body and epididymal fat weight gains are significantly decrease compared with those of the HFD-fed mice. TG, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and HDL levels in the blood are significantly increased in HFD-fed mice group compared to LFD-fed mice group. Treatment with Ginsenoside Rh1 in HFD-fed mice significantly lowers TG level alone[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
638.87
Formula
C36H62O9
CAS 号
63223-86-9
中文名称
人参皂苷 Rh1；人参皂苷 Rh1
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
[1]. Gu W, et al. Ginsenoside Rh1 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36(1):102-7.
Cell Assay [1]
Mouse embryo fibroblasts 3T3-L1 cells are incubated in DMEM, containing 10% FBS and 1% AB, at 37°C and 5.6% CO2 atmosphere. To induce differentiation, two days after confluence, preadipocytes (designated day 0) are cultured in the differentiation medium (DM), which is consisted of DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% AB, and DMI (0.28 unit/mL insulin, 0.5 mM Isobutylmethylxanthine and 1 μM Dexamethasone) for 2 d in the presence or absence of 50 μM and 100 μM of Ginsenoside Rh1, and switched to DM containing 10% FBS and 10 μg/mL insulin and then changed to DMEM medium with 10% FBS for every 2 d[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration [1]
Mice[1] Male C57BL/6J mice are separated into 3 groups, LFD, HFD and HFDRh1. Each group is consisted of ten mice. LFD group fed LFD for 8 weeks. HFD group fed HFD for 8 weeks. HFDRh1 group fed HFD diet for 4 weeks and then simultaneously treated with HFD and 20 mg/kg/d Ginsenoside Rh1, which is orally administrated. Weight and food intake of mice are measured daily. After finishing treatment for 4 weeks, blood and epididymal fats are collected for further analysis.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献
[1]. Gu W, et al. Ginsenoside Rh1 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36(1):102-7.
RH 421 is a voltage-sensitive styryl dye that can penetrate through the lipid bilayers. RH 421 is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase[1].
分子量
498.72
Formula
C29H42N2O3S
CAS 号
107610-19-5
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
参考文献
[1]. D Y Malkov, et al. Fluorescent styryl dyes of the RH series affect a potential drop on the membrane/solution boundary. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jan 31;1278(2):197-204.
Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in human retinal cells induces Nrf2 activation.
IC50 Target
Nrf2[1]
体外研究 (In Vitro)
Ginsenoside Rh3 inhibits UV-induced oxidative damages in retinal cells via activating nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in retinal cells induces Nrf2 activation. The potential activity of Ginsenoside Rh3 is tested on Nrf2 signaling in the retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs). The qRT-PCR assay results demonstrate that treatment with Ginsenoside Rh3 dose-dependently increases mRNA transcription and expression of key Nrf2-regulated genes, including HO1, NQO1 and GCLC. Consequently, protein expressions of these Nrf2-dependent genes (HO1, NQO1 and GCLC) are also significantly increased in Ginsenoside Rh3 (3-10 μM)-treated RPEs. Notably, although Nrf2 mRNA level is unchanged after Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment, its protein level is significantly increased by Rh3[1]. EZ-Cytox assay is used to assess the effect of ginsenoside-Rh3 on SP 1-keratinocytes viability. Ginsenoside Rh3 (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) shows no cytotoxic effect at all concentrations[2].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
体内研究 (In Vivo)
The potential effect of Ginsenoside Rh3 is examined on mouse retina, using the light-induced retinal damage model. Ginsenoside Rh3 intravitreal injection (5 mg/kg body weight, 30 min pre-treatment) significantly attenuates light-induced decrease of both a- and b-wave amplitude. The electroretinography (ERG)’s a-wave decreases to 46.03±1.62% % of control level after light exposure, which is back to 71.84±7.51% with Ginsenoside Rh3 administration. The b-wave is 40.19±3.34% of control level by light exposure, and Rh3 intravitreal injection brings back to 80.01±2.37% of control level[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量
604.86
Formula
C36H60O7
CAS 号
105558-26-7
中文名称
人参皂苷 Rh3；人参皂苷 Rh3
运输条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式
Powder
-20deg;C
3 years
4deg;C
2 years
In solvent
-80deg;C
6 months
-20deg;C
1 month
溶解性数据
In Vitro:;
DMSO : 6.67 mg/mL (11.03 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
[1]. Tang CZ, et al. Activation of Nrf2 by Ginsenoside Rh3 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Mar;117:238-246.
[2]. Chung I, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng on GM-CSF expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Ginseng Res. 2015 Oct;39(4):322-30.
Cell Assay [2]
SP-1 keratinocytes are seeded in 96 well plates (2×104 cells/well). After 24 h, the media is replaced with media containing various concentrations of (A) SKRG, or (B) Ginsenoside Rh3 (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM). Control cells are treated with DMSO at a final concentration of 0.1%. After 24 h, the media containing the compounds or DMSO is replaced with media containing 10% EZ-Cytox. The cells are then incubated at 37°C for 1 h, and the absorbance is measured using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm. All assays are performed in triplicate[2].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration [1]
Mice[1] The BALB/c mice (Male, 5-6 week old, 17-18 g weight) are used. The pupillary dilation is performed before exposure to 5000 lx of white fluorescent light. Thirty min before light exposure, Ginsenoside Rh3 (at 5 mg/kg body weight) are injected intravitreally to the right eye. ERG recording after light exposure is also reported early. The b-wave amplitude is measured from the trough of the a-wave to the peak of the b-wave, and the amplitude of the a-wave is measured from the initial baseline.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献
[1]. Tang CZ, et al. Activation of Nrf2 by Ginsenoside Rh3 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Mar;117:238-246.
[2]. Chung I, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng on GM-CSF expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Ginseng Res. 2015 Oct;39(4):322-30.
