Melittin is a PLA₂ activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA₂, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA₂^[1][2].

PLA₂^[1]

Melittin, an immunologically related PLA₂ stimulating peptide from bee venom, increases the activity of the high molecular weight enzyme^[1]. Melittin is a cytotoxic peptide from bee venom. Melittin exhibits toxicity against both A2780CR and A2780 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 4.5 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively. Melittin has natural anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has also been shown to have diverse anticancer effects in several different cancer cell lines including those of gastric, breast, ovarian, liver, prostate, cervical, and lung origins. The mechanisms by which Melittin, an amphipathic haemolytic peptide, exerts its potential anticancer effects include inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and direct necrosis. Melittin can also prevent EGF-induced cell invasion through its inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but this is primarily related to breast cancer cells^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

2846.46

C₁₃₁H₂₂₉N₃₉O₃₁

20449-79-0

Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2

GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2

蜂毒肽；蜂毒素

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

H₂O

Peptide Solubility and Storage Guidelines:

1.;;Calculate the length of the peptide.

2.;;Calculate the overall charge of the entire peptide according to the following table:

3.;;Recommended solution:

• [1]. Steiner MR, et al. Responses of purified phospholipases A2 to phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) and Melittin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 10;1166(1):124-30.

  [2]. Alonezi S, et al. Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry and Biolog Microarray Technology. Metabolites. 2016 Oct 13;6(4). pii: E35.

Melittin is purified from bee venom by reversed phase liquid chromatography and reconstituted in sterile water to form a stock solution of 1 mg/mL before storage at -20 °C until required for analysis. Cell viability is assessed by an Alamar Blue (AB) cell viability reagent. Both A2780 and A2780CR cells are seeded at 1×10⁴ cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO₂ in a humidified atmosphere for 24 h. After this incubation period, the cells are treated with various concentrations of Melittin ranging from 0.5 to 14 µg/mL in 100 μL of medium, and re-incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO₂ for a further 24 h. Triton X at 1% (v/v) and cell culture media are used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After this, AB is added at a final concentration of 10% (v/v) and the resultant mixture is incubated for a further 4 h at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. Then, the plates are read at an excitation wavelength of 560 nm and the emission at 590 nm is recorded on a SpectraMax M3 microplate reader . Background-corrected fluorescence readings are converted to cell viability data for each test well by expressing them as percentages relative to the mean negative control value^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Steiner MR, et al. Responses of purified phospholipases A2 to phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) and Melittin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 10;1166(1):124-30.

  [2]. Alonezi S, et al. Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry and Biolog Microarray Technology. Metabolites. 2016 Oct 13;6(4). pii: E35.